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Hytest Webinar on the 20th of September 2023
Hytest is hosting a Webinar on Clinical Applications of Procalcitonin (PCT) and Challenges in Measurement Standardization.
Time: 16:00pm (CET), 10:00am (EDT), 7:00am (PDT)
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Trusted Immunological Reagents
Heart Failure (HF) is a clinical condition with complex pathological processes, which requires timely medical attention. Many biomarkers have been identified as elevated in HF, which could assist in the disease diagnosis and disease management. Among all of them, natriuretic peptides are considered the gold standard biomarker for the diagnosis of HF. The heart
failure management consist of diagnosing various diseases induced by the heart
failure. These includes but are not limited to renal injury and inflammation
for example.
ProBNP, BNP, and NT-proBNP
B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) and the N-terminal fragment (NT-proBNP) are among the most extensively studied and established biomarkers in the diagnosis of HF. During the BNP gene activation, BNP is synthesized as a prehormone, proBNP, in the cardiomyocytes. Upon release to circulation, proBNP is cleaved into BNP and NT-proBNP. Hence, both molecules can be detected in the blood and have proven their diagnostic meaningfulness in multiple clinical applications.
Clinically these two markers are considered interchangeable,
however there are still some differences to be noted for the development of
assay.
NT-proBNP
NT-proBNP
is cleaved from the N-terminal of proBNP, consisting of 76 amino acids.
Comparing to BNP, NT-proBNP has a much longer half-life, which is 60-120 min.
This also determines the longer stability of NT-proBNP in whole blood samples
at room temperature comparing to BNP. It’s worth mentioning, that NT‐proBNP is
mainly cleared by renal excretion. For patients with renal dysfunction, the
measurement of NT-proBNP seems to be affected more.
BNP
BNP is an active 32
amino acid, which is cleared from plasma by
binding to the natriuretic peptide receptor type C (NPR‐C) and through proteolysis by neutral
endopeptidases. Half-life for BNP is approximately 20min. Clinically both BNP
and NT-proBNP have been proven to have high negative predictive value, which
makes them especially applicable as a rule-out marker for HF. However, the
cut-off value for BNP is a generally lower than NT-proBNP.
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Read
our most recent publication on the antibodies targeting glycosylation-free
regions of NT-proBNP:
Li L
, et al. (2022) Diagnostic utility of
total NT-proBNP testing by immunoassay based on antibodies targeting
glycosylation-free regions of NT-proBNP. Clin Chem Lab Med.
2;61(3):485-493. doi: 10.1515/cclm-2022-1194.
ST2
ST2 is a member of the interleukin-1 receptor
family. Soluble ST2 has been studied in HF in various settings and has been found
as closely associated with myocardial fibrosis and myocardial remodelling. In
2017, it has been included in the guidelines for additive risk stratification
of patients with acute and chronic HF.
In addition to the above-mentioned biomarkers as the essential component in the diagnosis and prognosis in HF, according to literature there are a large number of biomarkers that are used to assist in the HF patient management:
Renal injuryNGAL:
Cat# 4NG7: Neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL), antibody
Cystatin C:
Cat# 4CC1: Cystatin C, antibody
KIM-1: Cat# 4KM1 Kidney injury molecule
Oxidative stress
MPO:
Cat# 4M43: Myeloperoxidase Human antibody
Inflammation
CRP: Cat# 4C28cc, Cat# 4C28: C-Reactive Protein (CRP)
IL-6: Cat# 4IL6: Interleukin-6 (IL-6)
PCT: Cat# 4PC47: Procalcitonin and Calcitonin Products
TNF-α:
Cat# 4T10: TNF, Alpha, antibody
Myocardial Injury
Troponin: Read more >>
FABP:
Cat# 4F29: Fatty Acid Binding Protein (FABP) antibody
Heart Failure Markers
Antibodies
Antigens